From Labels to Learning: Person-First Language in PSB Treatment

By Stephen C. Schultz

The language we use to describe problematic sexual behavior (PSB) is evolving. And it’s long overdue. For years, young people have been labeled with terms that reduce them to their worst moments:

“Sex offender.” “Predator.” “Perpetrator.” “Aggressor.”

Words that erase their humanity, ignore their developmental stage, and reinforce stigma instead of healing.

                                              

Here’s what’s shifting:

Person-First Language

• Not “a sex offender” → “a teen with problematic sexual behavior (PSB).”
  This identifies what he is struggling with rather than defining who he is.

• Not “a perpetrator” → “a youth who caused harm.”
  This recognizes accountability without assigning a permanent or adult-level label.

• Not “a predator” → “a young person who needs support and intervention.”
  This focuses on his capacity to learn, change, and respond to treatment.

Person-first language reminds us that behavior can be redirected—identity isn’t fixed.

Behavior-Focused Accuracy

• Not “sexual deviant” → “a teen engaging in concerning or inappropriate sexual behavior.”
  This describes the behavior itself without using shaming labels.

• Not “offending” → “engaging in behavior that violated boundaries.”
  This clarifies what happened in plain, developmentally appropriate terms.

Behavior-focused language keeps the conversation grounded in what he did, what needs to change, and how adults can help him grow.

Empathic, Developmentally-Informed Framing

• Not “He knew exactly what he was doing” → “We need to understand what contributed to his behavior.”
  This shifts the focus from assuming intent to exploring factors like development, trauma history, impulse control, and environment.

• Not “He’s dangerous” → “He needs structured support to build healthy boundaries.”
  Instead of labeling him as a threat, this emphasizes what he needs to learn in order to be safe and successful.

• Not “He can’t be trusted” → “He’s learning appropriate and safe behaviors.”
  This reframes mistrust as part of a skill-building process, acknowledging that growth is possible with guidance and accountability.

Words change the way adults perceive a teen’s risk, their potential, and their worth.

When we call a young person a “predator,” we see a threat. When we say “a teen with problematic sexual behavior,” we see someone who needs intervention, guidance, and compassion.

Yet stigmatizing language still shows up everywhere: Court documents. School reports. Caseworker notes. News articles. Online conversations. Even clinical settings.

Oxbow Academy has been leading this conversation since 2006. Providers are learning better. Systems are learning better. The next generation will benefit from what we choose to change.

Over the years, I have been involved in numerous conversations with professionals, as well as families, that use the above language. It is so common in society that most people pay little attention to the words they use. However, the above words are simply adult judicial language masquerading as clinical terminology.

The question isn’t whether language matters. It’s whether we’re willing to use words that help rather than harm. Words don’t just describe a young person’s future.

They shape it.